Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez called an early election for Nov. 29 after parliament rejected a housing plan last week that his government had hoped would quell mounting social protests.

“It’s time you, the Spanish people, decide which future you want for yourselves and for the country.” Sánchez, 54, said in an address Monday in Madrid. “You must decide what role you wish to play in this era, and what role you want Spain to play.”

Sánchez’s minority government, already struggling after a series of challenges including deadly floods and a migration crisis, was recently confronted with nationwide protests over housing costs. The situation boiled over after an 87-year-old woman with a disability was evicted from her apartment, galvanizing the movement.

The government responded with an emergency package of housing measures that ultimately failed to generate sufficient votes in parliament.

The center-right People’s Party has led recent polls, garnering 31.6% support in a 40dB poll conducted Sept. 25-28 with 2,000 respondents. The PP’s leader, Alberto Núñez Feijóo, has indicated his party could govern with the radical-right Vox, which had 18.4% in the survey. Sánchez’s Socialists polled at 27.4%.

“Finally!” Feijóo said after learning of the snap election he had been calling for for months. “What’s at stake is no longer merely a change of government, but the urgent need to undertake a process of national reconstruction.”

The yield on benchmark 10-year Spanish government bonds was little changed at 4.08%, while their spread over safer German debt widened three basis points to 65 basis points as some investors looked to German bonds as a safer alternative. The euro fell 0.5% to $1.1204.

Sánchez came to power in 2018 and, without a stable parliamentary majority, has spent much of his tenure navigating a succession of crises. They included the Covid-19 pandemic, the fallout from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, deadly floods in the Valencia region and an unprecedented European blackout last year.

His latest term, which began in 2023 and had been due to run until July 2027, has been particularly difficult. Sánchez has failed to pass a single budget, while corruption cases involving his party as well as his family have multiplied. The arrival of about 80,000 undocumented migrants this summer in Ceuta, a Spanish exclave in North Africa, fueled a fresh wave of social discontent.

Sánchez’s housing proposal sought to freeze rents, make rental contracts indefinite, prohibit the eviction of vulnerable people and regulate short-term tourist apartments. Opposition parties, including the Catalan group Junts, which backed Sánchez’s return to office in 2023, argued that greater intervention in the housing market would only worsen the problem.

The People’s Party already governs most of Spain’s biggest cities and regions, often relying on Vox. The two parties govern together in four regions, including Andalusia, the country’s most populous.

Both have made removing Sánchez from office a central priority. While they differ on migration, Spain’s territorial model and Europe, they have signaled a willingness to work together if they secure enough seats to replace the last social democratic government in a major European Union country.

Sánchez’s lack of parliamentary support contrasts with Spain’s strong economic performance. The country has posted the fastest growth among Europe’s major economies, unemployment is at its lowest since the financial crisis and tourism is booming.

Still, the housing crunch, the government’s fragile parliamentary position and corruption scandals have pushed Sánchez to the brink. Voters will now decide what comes next.

Internationally, Sánchez has stood out as an outlier. Last year, Spain was the only country to reject a U.S.-backed call to spend 5% of GDP on defense. His government has maintained close ties with China and was the first to describe Israel’s military operation in Gaza as genocide.

Those positions have drawn repeated condemnation from U.S. President Donald Trump, including threats targeting Spanish trade and bilateral relations, though they have yet to result in concrete action.

During his speech, Sanchez criticized the far right, warning against handing “over the reins of the country to a far-right coalition that has proposed nothing — whose sole objective is to repeal and curtail the rights and freedoms we have built over the last eight years.”

—With assistance from Katharina Rosskopf, Rodrigo Orihuela and Naomi Tajitsu.

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