WASHINGTON — The U.S.-Iran interim peace deal took effect and shipping started returning to the Strait of Hormuz as the U.S. declared an end to its blockade and a complex negotiating period over Tehran’s nuclear program began in earnest.

U.S. Vice President JD Vance told reporters Thursday at the White House that the 60-day clock for working out the contentious details in the so-called memorandum of understanding signed late Wednesday had starting ticking.

He downplayed concerns Iran could eventually impose tolls on traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a move that would turn the crucial transport chokepoint — widely considered international waters — into a money maker for Tehran.

“Well, first of all, we believe international waterways should be free of tolls,” he said, noting that the countries in the region “together will figure out a proper security framework for the straits in the future.”

If the strait is not open, “there’s not going to be a final deal.”

Oil fluctuated between gains and losses on Thursday, with Brent steadying near $79 a barrel as of 2:38 p.m. in New York. It’s still down from close to $95 since Trump said late last week that a deal was imminent.

Still, oil remains roughly 30% higher for the year, with energy traders saying it will take months, if not longer, for volumes of oil and liquefied natural gas going through Hormuz to return to normal.

Earlier Thursday, Trump posted on social media that “oil is flowing,” hours after signing a memorandum of agreement to extend a ceasefire and begin negotiations to end the conflict he started alongside Israel at the end of February. Iran’s closure of the strait spiked energy prices, raised the risk of a global economic crisis, and led to chaos across the Middle East.

U.S. Central Command announced Thursday that it had lifted the blockade on traffic to and from Iranian ports and coastal areas.

“American forces are not impeding the transit of vessels to or from Iranian ports on the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman,” the command said in a social media post. “All U.S. military blockade enforcement efforts have ceased. Our great Naval Ships will remain in the general area to make sure that all aspects of the agreement are adhered to, obeyed and in full force and effect.”

Ships carrying stranded oil began making their way out of the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, while Kuwait said it will start ramping up production, as the peace deal sparked a flurry of activity in the region. Vessels carrying nearly 10 million barrels of oil have either appeared outside the strait or are sailing through, including the first Saudi-owned tankers since the war began more than three months ago.

Iran said commercial vessel traffic at southern ports had returned to normal since Monday, according to the semi-official Iranian Students’ News Agency.

Many shipping and oil executives had previously said they need more clarity, including on whether the strait is clear of mines and whether they need to seek any kind of permission from Iran before sailing through.

Iran hawks, including some Republican allies of Trump, say the deal concedes far too much to the Islamic Republic in terms of sanctions relief and potentially unfreezing tens of billions of dollars of funds. Some of have said it is no better than the Obama administration’s 2015 nuclear deal that Trump had called the “worst deal ever.”

“Specifically, the $300 billion fund for the reconstruction and economic development of Iran – though not funded by U.S. taxpayers – would make Iran’s payoff under President Obama’s 2015 deal look like a pittance by comparison,” Mississippi Senator Roger Wicker, chairman of the powerful Senate Armed Services Committee said in a statement.

The deal has also been widely panned in Israel, with many, including some members of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government, arguing that it gives too many financial concessions to the Islamic Republic and doesn’t do anything to curb its ballistic missile program.

Asked about Israeli pushback, Vance suggested officials consider that the U.S. is Israel’s strongest friend.

“If I was in the cabinet of the Israeli government, I might not be attacking the only powerful ally that I have anywhere left in the entire world,” Vance said. “The problem for Israel is not Donald J. Trump, and anybody in Israel who thinks their biggest problem is the president of the United States needs to wake up and smell the reality of the situation that country is in.”

For his part, Trump has become more frustrated with Netanyahu in recent weeks, swearing at him on calls and saying Israel’s airstrikes on Lebanon’s capital almost scuppered his deal with Iran.

On Thursday, when the U.S. president was asked by Israel’s Channel 14 if he would defend Israel if it opted to strike Iran on its own, he said: “If it’s not a significant attack — sure.”

According to a copy of the memorandum of understanding published by Iran’s President Masoud Pezeshkian on X on Thursday, Iran will arrange passage of commercial ships through the strait with “no charge for 60 days only” and traffic is to be reinstated “within 30 days.”

Iran will hold talks with Oman to define the future administration and maritime services of the Strait of Hormuz, which will be in line with “applicable international law and the sovereign rights of coastal states” of the Persian Gulf, according to the agreement.

It was unclear if Vance would still meet Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iran’s lead negotiator, in Switzerland on Friday for negotiations to permanently end the war as planned. He said the U.S. had met it primary objectives for the conflict and suggested it could only benefit from the deal as agreed.

“Iran is weakened, their nuclear program destroyed, their economy in desperate straits, and if they change their behavior, big things are going to happen for Iran and for the world,” he said. “If they don’t, no skin off our backs — either way, we win. And that’s the way the president has set up this deal and this negotiation.”

During the 60-day negotiation, the sides will try to agree on restrictions on Tehran’s nuclear program and how to dilute or destroy its stocks of highly enriched uranium. Many nuclear experts say 60 days is too short to work out something so complex and technical. The agreement does say the time frame can be extended.

The 2015 nuclear deal, which Trump derided and abandoned during his first term, took about two years to finalize.

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With assistance from Catherine Lucey, Devika Krishna Kumar, Paul Wallace and Ellen Milligan.

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