Question: Can I add fresh organic matter to my garden, or do I need to compost it first?

Answer: If you donOt mind waiting several months before planting, you can mix in raw organic matter, such as grass clippings, straw, leaves, manure, pine needles, and so on. However, the addition of fresh organic matter can cause temporary nutrient deficiencies, as the soil microbes responsible for breaking it down tie up certain nutrients, notably nitrogen. So if you want to plant right away, compost is your best bet itOs best because it's already decomposed and its nutrients will be more available to your plants. Note that you can hasten the decomposition of fresh organic matter by shredding it finely, but youOll still want to wait a month or two before planting.