Question: What can I do to improve the hard, clay, alkaline soil in my vegetable garden?

Answer: Although it takes time, you can improve the drainage properties of clay soils with the addition of lots of organic matter. Each spring, spread a 3- to 4- inch layer of compost in the beds and work it into the soil to a depth of 12 inches or more. Pine needles are acidic and they can, on a temporary and localized basis, slightly reduce soil alkalinity. Gypsum and soil sulfur are two other amendments that can reduce alkalinity; gypsum has also been found to help loosen clays soils in some cases. Follow package instructions for application rates. Once plants are established, mulch with additional compost. It will help improve drainage in your clay soil, keep soil from compacting in heavy rains, and provide nutrients to your plants.