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The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
THE FURTHER ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE
CHAPTER I--REVISITS ISLAND
That homely proverb, used on so many occasions in England, viz. "That
what is bred in the bone will not go out of the flesh," was never more
verified than in the story of my Life. Any one would think that after
thirty-five years' affliction, and a variety of unhappy circumstances,
which few men, if any, ever went through before, and after near seven
years of peace and enjoyment in the fulness of all things; grown old,
and when, if ever, it might be allowed me to have had experience of
every state of middle life, and to know which was most adapted to make
a man completely happy; I say, after all this, any one would have
thought that the native propensity to rambling which I gave an account
of in my first setting out in the world to have been so predominant in
my thoughts, should be worn out, and I might, at sixty one years of
age, have been a little inclined to stay at home, and have done
venturing life and fortune any more.
Nay, farther, the common motive of foreign adventures was taken away
in me, for I had no fortune to make; I had nothing to seek: if I had
gained ten thousand pounds I had been no richer; for I had already
sufficient for me, and for those I had to leave it to; and what I had
was visibly increasing; for, having no great family, I could not spend
the income of what I had unless I would set up for an expensive way of
living, such as a great family, servants, equipage, gaiety, and the
like, which were things I had no notion of, or inclination to; so that
I had nothing, indeed, to do but to sit still, and fully enjoy what I
had got, and see it increase daily upon my hands. Yet all these
things had no effect upon me, or at least not enough to resist the
strong inclination I had to go abroad again, which hung about me like
a chronic distemper. In particular, the desire of seeing my new
plantation in the island, and the colony I left there, ran in my head
continually. I dreamed of it all night, and my imagination ran upon
it all day: it was uppermost in all my thoughts, and my fancy worked
so steadily and strongly upon it that I talked of it in my sleep; in
short, nothing could remove it out of my mind: it even broke so
violently into all my discourses that it made my conversation
tiresome, for I could talk of nothing else; all my discourse ran into
it, even to impertinence; and I saw it myself.
I have often heard persons of good judgment say that all the stir that
people make in the world about ghosts and apparitions is owing to the
strength of imagination, and the powerful operation of fancy in their
minds; that there is no such thing as a spirit appearing, or a ghost
walking; that people's poring affectionately upon the past
conversation of their deceased friends so realises it to them that
they are capable of fancying, upon some extraordinary circumstances,
that they see them, talk to them, and are answered by them, when, in
truth, there is nothing but shadow and vapour in the thing, and they
really know nothing of the matter.
For my part, I know not to this hour whether there are any such things
as real apparitions, spectres, or walking of people after they are
dead; or whether there is anything in the stories they tell us of that
kind more than the product of vapours, sick minds, and wandering
fancies: but this I know, that my imagination worked up to such a
height, and brought me into such excess of vapours, or what else I may
call it, that I actually supposed myself often upon the spot, at my
old castle, behind the trees; saw my old Spaniard, Friday's father,
and the reprobate sailors I left upon the island; nay, I fancied I
talked with them, and looked at them steadily, though I was broad
awake, as at persons just before me; and this I did till I often
frightened myself with the images my fancy represented to me. One
time, in my sleep, I had the villainy of the three pirate sailors so
lively related to me by the first Spaniard, and Friday's father, that
it was surprising: they told me how they barbarously attempted to
murder all the Spaniards, and that they set fire to the provisions
they had laid up, on purpose to distress and starve them; things that
I had never heard of, and that, indeed, were never all of them true in
fact: but it was so warm in my imagination, and so realised to me,
that, to the hour I saw them, I could not be persuaded but that it was
or would be true; also how I resented it, when the Spaniard complained
to me; and how I brought them to justice, tried them, and ordered them
all three to be hanged. What there was really in this shall be seen
in its place; for however I came to form such things in my dream, and
what secret converse of spirits injected it, yet there was, I say,
much of it true. I own that this dream had nothing in it literally
and specifically true; but the general part was so true--the base;
villainous behaviour of these three hardened rogues was such, and had
been so much worse than all I can describe, that the dream had too
much similitude of the fact; and as I would afterwards have punished
them severely, so, if I had hanged them all, I had been much in the
right, and even should have been justified both by the laws of God and
man.
But to return to my story. In this kind of temper I lived some years;
I had no enjoyment of my life, no pleasant hours, no agreeable
diversion but what had something or other of this in it; so that my
wife, who saw my mind wholly bent upon it, told me very seriously one
night that she believed there was some secret, powerful impulse of
Providence upon me, which had determined me to go thither again; and
that she found nothing hindered me going but my being engaged to a
wife and children. She told me that it was true she could not think
of parting with me: but as she was assured that if she was dead it
would be the first thing I would do, so, as it seemed to her that the
thing was determined above, she would not be the only obstruction;
for, if I thought fit and resolved to go--[Here she found me very
intent upon her words, and that I looked very earnestly at her, so
that it a little disordered her, and she stopped. I asked her why she
did not go on, and say out what she was going to say? But I perceived
that her heart was too full, and some tears stood in her eyes.]
"Speak out, my dear," said I; "are you willing I should go?"--"No,"
says she, very affectionately, "I am far from willing; but if you are
resolved to go," says she, "rather than I would be the only hindrance,
I will go with you: for though I think it a most preposterous thing
for one of your years, and in your condition, yet, if it must be,"
said she, again weeping, "I would not leave you; for if it be of
Heaven you must do it, there is no resisting it; and if Heaven make it
your duty to go, He will also make it mine to go with you, or
otherwise dispose of me, that I may not obstruct it."
This affectionate behaviour of my wife's brought me a little out of
the vapours, and I began to consider what I was doing; I corrected my
wandering fancy, and began to argue with myself sedately what business
I had after threescore years, and after such a life of tedious
sufferings and disasters, and closed in so happy and easy a manner; I,
say, what business had I to rush into new hazards, and put myself upon
adventures fit only for youth and poverty to run into?
With those thoughts I considered my new engagement; that I had a wife,
one child born, and my wife then great with child of another; that I
had all the world could give me, and had no need to seek hazard for
gain; that I was declining in years, and ought to think rather of
leaving what I had gained than of seeking to increase it; that as to
what my wife had said of its being an impulse from Heaven, and that it
should be my duty to go, I had no notion of that; so, after many of
these cogitations, I struggled with the power of my imagination,
reasoned myself out of it, as I believe people may always do in like
cases if they will: in a word, I conquered it, composed myself with
such arguments as occurred to my thoughts, and which my present
condition furnished me plentifully with; and particularly, as the most
effectual method, I resolved to divert myself with other things, and
to engage in some business that might effectually tie me up from any
more excursions of this kind; for I found that thing return upon me
chiefly when I was idle, and had nothing to do, nor anything of moment
immediately before me. To this purpose, I bought a little farm in the
county of Bedford, and resolved to remove myself thither. I had a
little convenient house upon it, and the land about it, I found, was
capable of great improvement; and it was many ways suited to my
inclination, which delighted in cultivating, managing, planting, and
improving of land; and particularly, being an inland country, I was
removed from conversing among sailors and things relating to the
remote parts of the world. I went down to my farm, settled my family,
bought ploughs, harrows, a cart, waggon-horses, cows, and sheep, and,
setting seriously to work, became in one half-year a mere country
gentleman. My thoughts were entirely taken up in managing my
servants, cultivating the ground, enclosing, planting, &c.; and I
lived, as I thought, the most agreeable life that nature was capable
of directing, or that a man always bred to misfortunes was capable of
retreating to.
I farmed upon my own land; I had no rent to pay, was limited by no
articles; I could pull up or cut down as I pleased; what I planted was
for myself, and what I improved was for my family; and having thus
left off the thoughts of wandering, I had not the least discomfort in
any part of life as to this world. Now I thought, indeed, that I
enjoyed the middle state of life which my father so earnestly
recommended to me, and lived a kind of heavenly life, something like
what is described by the poet, upon the subject of a country life:-
"Free from vices, free from care, Age has no pain, and youth no
snare."
But in the middle of all this felicity, one blow from unseen
Providence unhinged me at once; and not only made a breach upon me
inevitable and incurable, but drove me, by its consequences, into a
deep relapse of the wandering disposition, which, as I may say, being
born in my very blood, soon recovered its hold of me; and, like the
returns of a violent distemper, came on with an irresistible force
upon me. This blow was the loss of my wife. It is not my business
here to write an elegy upon my wife, give a character of her
particular virtues, and make my court to the sex by the flattery of a
funeral sermon. She was, in a few words, the stay of all my affairs;
the centre of all my enterprises; the engine that, by her prudence,
reduced me to that happy compass I was in, from the most extravagant
and ruinous project that filled my head, and did more to guide my
rambling genius than a mother's tears, a father's instructions, a
friend's counsel, or all my own reasoning powers could do. I was
happy in listening to her, and in being moved by her entreaties; and
to the last degree desolate and dislocated in the world by the loss of
her.
When she was gone, the world looked awkwardly round me. I was as much
a stranger in it, in my thoughts, as I was in the Brazils, when I
first went on shore there; and as much alone, except for the
assistance of servants, as I was in my island. I knew neither what to
think nor what to do. I saw the world busy around me: one part
labouring for bread, another part squandering in vile excesses or
empty pleasures, but equally miserable because the end they proposed
still fled from them; for the men of pleasure every day surfeited of
their vice, and heaped up work for sorrow and repentance; and the men
of labour spent their strength in daily struggling for bread to
maintain the vital strength they laboured with: so living in a daily
circulation of sorrow, living but to work, and working but to live, as
if daily bread were the only end of wearisome life, and a wearisome
life the only occasion of daily bread.
This put me in mind of the life I lived in my kingdom, the island;
where I suffered no more corn to grow, because I did not want it; and
bred no more goats, because I had no more use for them; where the
money lay in the drawer till it grew mouldy, and had scarce the favour
to be looked upon in twenty years. All these things, had I improved
them as I ought to have done, and as reason and religion had dictated
to me, would have taught me to search farther than human enjoyments
for a full felicity; and that there was something which certainly was
the reason and end of life superior to all these things, and which was
either to be possessed, or at least hoped for, on this side of the
grave.
But my sage counsellor was gone; I was like a ship without a pilot,
that could only run afore the wind. My thoughts ran all away again
into the old affair; my head was quite turned with the whimsies of
foreign adventures; and all the pleasant, innocent amusements of my
farm, my garden, my cattle, and my family, which before entirely
possessed me, were nothing to me, had no relish, and were like music
to one that has no ear, or food to one that has no taste. In a word,
I resolved to leave off housekeeping, let my farm, and return to
London; and in a few months after I did so.
When I came to London, I was still as uneasy as I was before; I had no
relish for the place, no employment in it, nothing to do but to
saunter about like an idle person, of whom it may be said he is
perfectly useless in God's creation, and it is not one farthing's
matter to the rest of his kind whether he be dead or alive. This also
was the thing which, of all circumstances of life, was the most my
aversion, who had been all my days used to an active life; and I would
often say to myself, "A state of idleness is the very dregs of life;"
and, indeed, I thought I was much more suitably employed when I was
twenty-six days making a deal board.
It was now the beginning of the year 1693, when my nephew, whom, as I
have observed before, I had brought up to the sea, and had made him
commander of a ship, was come home from a short voyage to Bilbao,
being the first he had made. He came to me, and told me that some
merchants of his acquaintance had been proposing to him to go a voyage
for them to the East Indies, and to China, as private traders. "And
now, uncle," says he, "if you will go to sea with me, I will engage to
land you upon your old habitation in the island; for we are to touch
at the Brazils."
Nothing can be a greater demonstration of a future state, and of the
existence of an invisible world, than the concurrence of second causes
with the idea of things which we form in our minds, perfectly
reserved, and not communicated to any in the world.
My nephew knew nothing how far my distemper of wandering was returned
upon me, and I knew nothing of what he had in his thought to say, when
that very morning, before he came to me, I had, in a great deal of
confusion of thought, and revolving every part of my circumstances in
my mind, come to this resolution, that I would go to Lisbon, and
consult with my old sea-captain; and if it was rational and
practicable, I would go and see the island again, and what was become
of my people there. I had pleased myself with the thoughts of
peopling the place, and carrying inhabitants from hence, getting a
patent for the possession and I know not what; when, in the middle of
all this, in comes my nephew, as I have said, with his project of
carrying me thither in his way to the East Indies.
I paused a while at his words, and looking steadily at him, "What
devil," said I, "sent you on this unlucky errand?" My nephew stared
as if he had been frightened at first; but perceiving that I was not
much displeased at the proposal, he recovered himself. "I hope it may
not be an unlucky proposal, sir," says he. "I daresay you would be
pleased to see your new colony there, where you once reigned with more
felicity than most of your brother monarchs in the world." In a word,
the scheme hit so exactly with my temper, that is to say, the
prepossession I was under, and of which I have said so much, that I
told him, in a few words, if he agreed with the merchants, I would go
with him; but I told him I would not promise to go any further than my
own island. "Why, sir," says he, "you don't want to be left there
again, I hope?" "But," said I, "can you not take me up again on your
return?" He told me it would not be possible to do so; that the
merchants would never allow him to come that way with a laden ship of
such value, it being a month's sail out of his way, and might be three
or four. "Besides, sir, if I should miscarry," said he, "and not
return at all, then you would be just reduced to the condition you
were in before."
This was very rational; but we both found out a remedy for it, which
was to carry a framed sloop on board the ship, which, being taken in
pieces, might, by the help of some carpenters, whom we agreed to carry
with us, be set up again in the island, and finished fit to go to sea
in a few days. I was not long resolving, for indeed the importunities
of my nephew joined so effectually with my inclination that nothing
could oppose me; on the other hand, my wife being dead, none concerned
themselves so much for me as to persuade me one way or the other,
except my ancient good friend the widow, who earnestly struggled with
me to consider my years, my easy circumstances, and the needless
hazards of a long voyage; and above all, my young children. But it
was all to no purpose, I had an irresistible desire for the voyage;
and I told her I thought there was something so uncommon in the
impressions I had upon my mind, that it would be a kind of resisting
Providence if I should attempt to stay at home; after which she ceased
her expostulations, and joined with me, not only in making provision
for my voyage, but also in settling my family affairs for my absence,
and providing for the education of my children. In order to do this,
I made my will, and settled the estate I had in such a manner for my
children, and placed in such hands, that I was perfectly easy and
satisfied they would have justice done them, whatever might befall me;
and for their education, I left it wholly to the widow, with a
sufficient maintenance to herself for her care: all which she richly
deserved; for no mother could have taken more care in their education,
or understood it better; and as she lived till I came home, I also
lived to thank her for it.
My nephew was ready to sail about the beginning of January 1694-5; and
I, with my man Friday, went on board, in the Downs, the 8th; having,
besides that sloop which I mentioned above, a very considerable cargo
of all kinds of necessary things for my colony, which, if I did not
find in good condition, I resolved to leave so.
First, I carried with me some servants whom I purposed to place there
as inhabitants, or at least to set on work there upon my account while
I stayed, and either to leave them there or carry them forward, as
they should appear willing; particularly, I carried two carpenters, a
smith, and a very handy, ingenious fellow, who was a cooper by trade,
and was also a general mechanic; for he was dexterous at making wheels
and hand-mills to grind corn, was a good turner and a good pot-maker;
he also made anything that was proper to make of earth or of wood: in
a word, we called him our Jack-of-all-trades. With these I carried a
tailor, who had offered himself to go a passenger to the East Indies
with my nephew, but afterwards consented to stay on our new
plantation, and who proved a most necessary handy fellow as could be
desired in many other businesses besides that of his trade; for, as I
observed formerly, necessity arms us for all employments.
My cargo, as near as I can recollect, for I have not kept account of
the particulars, consisted of a sufficient quantity of linen, and some
English thin stuffs, for clothing the Spaniards that I expected to
find there; and enough of them, as by my calculation might comfortably
supply them for seven years; if I remember right, the materials I
carried for clothing them, with gloves, hats, shoes, stockings, and
all such things as they could want for wearing, amounted to about two
hundred pounds, including some beds, bedding, and household stuff,
particularly kitchen utensils, with pots, kettles, pewter, brass, &c.;
and near a hundred pounds more in ironwork, nails, tools of every
kind, staples, hooks, hinges, and every necessary thing I could think
of.
I carried also a hundred spare arms, muskets, and fusees; besides some
pistols, a considerable quantity of shot of all sizes, three or four
tons of lead, and two pieces of brass cannon; and, because I knew not
what time and what extremities I was providing for, I carried a
hundred barrels of powder, besides swords, cutlasses, and the iron
part of some pikes and halberds. In short, we had a large magazine of
all sorts of store; and I made my nephew carry two small quarter-deck
guns more than he wanted for his ship, to leave behind if there was
occasion; so that when we came there we might build a fort and man it
against all sorts of enemies. Indeed, I at first thought there would
be need enough for all, and much more, if we hoped to maintain our
possession of the island, as shall be seen in the course of that
story.
I had not such bad luck in this voyage as I had been used to meet
with, and therefore shall have the less occasion to interrupt the
reader, who perhaps may be impatient to hear how matters went with my
colony; yet some odd accidents, cross winds and bad weather happened
on this first setting out, which made the voyage longer than I
expected it at first; and I, who had never made but one voyage, my
first voyage to Guinea, in which I might be said to come back again,
as the voyage was at first designed, began to think the same ill fate
attended me, and that I was born to be never contented with being on
shore, and yet to be always unfortunate at sea. Contrary winds first
put us to the northward, and we were obliged to put in at Galway, in
Ireland, where we lay wind-bound two-and-twenty days; but we had this
satisfaction with the disaster, that provisions were here exceeding
cheap, and in the utmost plenty; so that while we lay here we never
touched the ship's stores, but rather added to them. Here, also, I
took in several live hogs, and two cows with their calves, which I
resolved, if I had a good passage, to put on shore in my island; but
we found occasion to dispose otherwise of them.
We set out on the 5th of February from Ireland, and had a very fair
gale of wind for some days. As I remember, it might be about the 20th
of February in the evening late, when the mate, having the watch, came
into the round-house and told us he saw a flash of fire, and heard a
gun fired; and while he was telling us of it, a boy came in and told
us the boatswain heard another. This made us all run out upon the
quarter-deck, where for a while we heard nothing; but in a few minutes
we saw a very great light, and found that there was some very terrible
fire at a distance; immediately we had recourse to our reckonings, in
which we all agreed that there could be no land that way in which the
fire showed itself, no, not for five hundred leagues, for it appeared
at WNW. Upon this, we concluded it must be some ship on fire at sea;
and as, by our hearing the noise of guns just before, we concluded
that it could not be far off, we stood directly towards it, and were
presently satisfied we should discover it, because the further we
sailed, the greater the light appeared; though, the weather being
hazy, we could not perceive anything but the light for a while. In
about half-an-hour's sailing, the wind being fair for us, though not
much of it, and the weather clearing up a little, we could plainly
discern that it was a great ship on fire in the middle of the sea.
I was most sensibly touched with this disaster, though not at all
acquainted with the persons engaged in it; I presently recollected my
former circumstances, and what condition I was in when taken up by the
Portuguese captain; and how much more deplorable the circumstances of
the poor creatures belonging to that ship must be, if they had no
other ship in company with them. Upon this I immediately ordered that
five guns should be fired, one soon after another, that, if possible,
we might give notice to them that there was help for them at hand and
that they might endeavour to save themselves in their boat; for though
we could see the flames of the ship, yet they, it being night, could
see nothing of us.
We lay by some time upon this, only driving as the burning ship drove,
waiting for daylight; when, on a sudden, to our great terror, though
we had reason to expect it, the ship blew up in the air; and in a few
minutes all the fire was out, that is to say, the rest of the ship
sunk. This was a terrible, and indeed an afflicting sight, for the
sake of the poor men, who, I concluded, must be either all destroyed
in the ship, or be in the utmost distress in their boat, in the middle
of the ocean; which, at present, as it was dark, I could not see.
However, to direct them as well as I could, I caused lights to be hung
out in all parts of the ship where we could, and which we had lanterns
for, and kept firing guns all the night long, letting them know by
this that there was a ship not far off.
About eight o'clock in the morning we discovered the ship's boats by
the help of our perspective glasses, and found there were two of them,
both thronged with people, and deep in the water. We perceived they
rowed, the wind being against them; that they saw our ship, and did
their utmost to make us see them. We immediately spread our ancient,
to let them know we saw them, and hung a waft out, as a signal for
them to come on board, and then made more sail, standing directly to
them. In little more than half-an-hour we came up with them; and took
them all in, being no less than sixty-four men, women, and children;
for there were a great many passengers.
Upon inquiry we found it was a French merchant ship of three- hundred
tons, home-bound from Quebec. The master gave us a long account of
the distress of his ship; how the fire began in the steerage by the
negligence of the steersman, which, on his crying out for help, was,
as everybody thought, entirely put out; but they soon found that some
sparks of the first fire had got into some part of the ship so
difficult to come at that they could not effectually quench it; and
afterwards getting in between the timbers, and within the ceiling of
the ship, it proceeded into the hold, and mastered all the skill and
all the application they were able to exert.
They had no more to do then but to get into their boats, which, to
their great comfort, were pretty large; being their long-boat, and a
great shallop, besides a small skiff, which was of no great service to
them, other than to get some fresh water and provisions into her,
after they had secured their lives from the fire. They had, indeed,
small hopes of their lives by getting into these boats at that
distance from any land; only, as they said, that they thus escaped
from the fire, and there was a possibility that some ship might happen
to be at sea, and might take them in. They had sails, oars, and a
compass; and had as much provision and water as, with sparing it so as
to be next door to starving, might support them about twelve days, in
which, if they had no bad weather and no contrary winds, the captain
said he hoped he might get to the banks of Newfoundland, and might
perhaps take some fish, to sustain them till they might go on shore.
But there were so many chances against them in all these cases, such
as storms, to overset and founder them; rains and cold, to benumb and
perish their limbs; contrary winds, to keep them out and starve them;
that it must have been next to miraculous if they had escaped.
In the midst of their consternation, every one being hopeless and
ready to despair, the captain, with tears in his eyes, told me they
were on a sudden surprised with the joy of hearing a gun fire, and
after that four more: these were the five guns which I caused to be
fired at first seeing the light. This revived their hearts, and gave
them the notice, which, as above, I desired it should, that there was
a ship at hand for their help. It was upon the hearing of these guns
that they took down their masts and sails: the sound coming from the
windward, they resolved to lie by till morning. Some time after this,
hearing no more guns, they fired three muskets, one a considerable
while after another; but these, the wind being contrary, we never
heard. Some time after that again they were still more agreeably
surprised with seeing our lights, and hearing the guns, which, as I
have said, I caused to be fired all the rest of the night. This set
them to work with their oars, to keep their boats ahead, at least that
we might the sooner come up with them; and at last, to their
inexpressible joy, they found we saw them.
It is impossible for me to express the several gestures, the strange
ecstasies, the variety of postures which these poor delivered people
ran into, to express the joy of their souls at so unexpected a
deliverance. Grief and fear are easily described: sighs, tears,
groans, and a very few motions of the head and hands, make up the sum
of its variety; but an excess of joy, a surprise of joy, has a
thousand extravagances in it. There were some in tears; some raging
and tearing themselves, as if they had been in the greatest agonies of
sorrow; some stark raving and downright lunatic; some ran about the
ship stamping with their feet, others wringing their hands; some were
dancing, some singing, some laughing, more crying, many quite dumb,
not able to speak a word; others sick and vomiting; several swooning
and ready to faint; and a few were crossing themselves and giving God
thanks.
I would not wrong them either; there might be many that were thankful
afterwards; but the passion was too strong for them at first, and they
were not able to master it: then were thrown into ecstasies, and a
kind of frenzy, and it was but a very few that were composed and
serious in their joy. Perhaps also, the case may have some addition
to it from the particular circumstance of that nation they belonged
to: I mean the French, whose temper is allowed to be more volatile,
more passionate, and more sprightly, and their spirits more fluid than
in other nations. I am not philosopher enough to determine the cause;
but nothing I had ever seen before came up to it. The ecstasies poor
Friday, my trusty savage, was in when he found his father in the boat
came the nearest to it; and the surprise of the master and his two
companions, whom I delivered from the villains that set them on shore
in the island, came a little way towards it; but nothing was to
compare to this, either that I saw in Friday, or anywhere else in my
life.
It is further observable, that these extravagances did not show
themselves in that different manner I have mentioned, in different
persons only; but all the variety would appear, in a short succession
of moments, in one and the same person. A man that we saw this minute
dumb, and, as it were, stupid and confounded, would the next minute be
dancing and hallooing like an antic; and the next moment be tearing
his hair, or pulling his clothes to pieces, and stamping them under
his feet like a madman; in a few moments after that we would have him
all in tears, then sick, swooning, and, had not immediate help been
had, he would in a few moments have been dead. Thus it was, not with
one or two, or ten or twenty, but with the greatest part of them; and,
if I remember right, our surgeon was obliged to let blood of about
thirty persons.
There were two priests among them: one an old man, and the other a
young man; and that which was strangest was, the oldest man was the
worst. As soon as he set his foot on board our ship, and saw himself
safe, he dropped down stone dead to all appearance. Not the least
sign of life could be perceived in him; our surgeon immediately
applied proper remedies to recover him, and was the only man in the
ship that believed he was not dead. At length he opened a vein in his
arm, having first chafed and rubbed the part, so as to warm it as much
as possible. Upon this the blood, which only dropped at first,
flowing freely, in three minutes after the man opened his eyes; a
quarter of an hour after that he spoke, grew better, and after the
blood was stopped, he walked about, told us he was perfectly well, and
took a dram of cordial which the surgeon gave him. About a quarter of
an hour after this they came running into the cabin to the surgeon,
who was bleeding a Frenchwoman that had fainted, and told him the
priest was gone stark mad. It seems he had begun to revolve the
change of his circumstances in his mind, and again this put him into
an ecstasy of joy. His spirits whirled about faster than the vessels
could convey them, the blood grew hot and feverish, and the man was as
fit for Bedlam as any creature that ever was in it. The surgeon would
not bleed him again in that condition, but gave him something to doze
and put him to sleep; which, after some time, operated upon him, and
he awoke next morning perfectly composed and well. The younger priest
behaved with great command of his passions, and was really an example
of a serious, well-governed mind. At his first coming on board the
ship he threw himself flat on his face, prostrating himself in
thankfulness for his deliverance, in which I unhappily and
unseasonably disturbed him, really thinking he had been in a swoon;
but he spoke calmly, thanked me, told me he was giving God thanks for
his deliverance, begged me to leave him a few moments, and that, next
to his Maker, he would give me thanks also. I was heartily sorry that
I disturbed him, and not only left him, but kept others from
interrupting him also. He continued in that posture about three
minutes, or little more, after I left him, then came to me, as he had
said he would, and with a great deal of seriousness and affection, but
with tears in his eyes, thanked me, that had, under God, given him and
so many miserable creatures their lives. I told him I had no need to
tell him to thank God for it, rather than me, for I had seen that he
had done that already; but I added that it was nothing but what reason
and humanity dictated to all men, and that we had as much reason as he
to give thanks to God, who had blessed us so far as to make us the
instruments of His mercy to so many of His creatures. After this the
young priest applied himself to his countrymen, and laboured to
compose them: he persuaded, entreated, argued, reasoned with them,
and did his utmost to keep them within the exercise of their reason;
and with some he had success, though others were for a time out of all
government of themselves.
I cannot help committing this to writing, as perhaps it may be useful
to those into whose hands it may fall, for guiding themselves in the
extravagances of their passions; for if an excess of joy can carry men
out to such a length beyond the reach of their reason, what will not
the extravagances of anger, rage, and a provoked mind carry us to?
And, indeed, here I saw reason for keeping an exceeding watch over our
passions of every kind, as well those of joy and satisfaction as those
of sorrow and anger.
We were somewhat disordered by these extravagances among our new
guests for the first day; but after they had retired to lodgings
provided for them as well as our ship would allow, and had slept
heartily--as most of them did, being fatigued and frightened--they
were quite another sort of people the next day. Nothing of good
manners, or civil acknowledgments for the kindness shown them, was
wanting; the French, it is known, are naturally apt enough to exceed
that way. The captain and one of the priests came to me the next day,
and desired to speak with me and my nephew; the commander began to
consult with us what should be done with them; and first, they told us
we had saved their lives, so all they had was little enough for a
return to us for that kindness received. The captain said they had
saved some money and some things of value in their boats, caught
hastily out of the flames, and if we would accept it they were ordered
to make an offer of it all to us; they only desired to be set on shore
somewhere in our way, where, if possible, they might get a passage to
France. My nephew wished to accept their money at first word, and to
consider what to do with them afterwards; but I overruled him in that
part, for I knew what it was to be set on shore in a strange country;
and if the Portuguese captain that took me up at sea had served me so,
and taken all I had for my deliverance, I must have been starved, or
have been as much a slave at the Brazils as I had been at Barbary, the
mere being sold to a Mahometan excepted; and perhaps a Portuguese is
not a much better master than a Turk, if not in some cases much worse.
I therefore told the French captain that we had taken them up in their
distress, it was true, but that it was our duty to do so, as we were
fellow-creatures; and we would desire to be so delivered if we were in
the like or any other extremity; that we had done nothing for them but
what we believed they would have done for us if we had been in their
case and they in ours; but that we took them up to save them, not to
plunder them; and it would be a most barbarous thing to take that
little from them which they had saved out of the fire, and then set
them on shore and leave them; that this would be first to save them
from death, and then kill them ourselves: save them from drowning,
and abandon them to starving; and therefore I would not let the least
thing be taken from them. As to setting them on shore, I told them
indeed that was an exceeding difficulty to us, for that the ship was
bound to the East Indies; and though we were driven out of our course
to the westward a very great way, and perhaps were directed by Heaven
on purpose for their deliverance, yet it was impossible for us
wilfully to change our voyage on their particular account; nor could
my nephew, the captain, answer it to the freighters, with whom he was
under charter to pursue his voyage by way of Brazil; and all I knew we
could do for them was to put ourselves in the way of meeting with
other ships homeward bound from the West Indies, and get them a
passage, if possible, to England or France.
The first part of the proposal was so generous and kind they could not
but be very thankful for it; but they were in very great
consternation, especially the passengers, at the notion of being
carried away to the East Indies; they then entreated me that as I was
driven so far to the westward before I met with them, I would at least
keep on the same course to the banks of Newfoundland, where it was
probable I might meet with some ship or sloop that they might hire to
carry them back to Canada.
I thought this was but a reasonable request on their part, and
therefore I inclined to agree to it; for indeed I considered that to
carry this whole company to the East Indies would not only be an
intolerable severity upon the poor people, but would be ruining our
whole voyage by devouring all our provisions; so I thought it no
breach of charter-party, but what an unforeseen accident made
absolutely necessary to us, and in which no one could say we were to
blame; for the laws of God and nature would have forbid that we should
refuse to take up two boats full of people in such a distressed
condition; and the nature of the thing, as well respecting ourselves
as the poor people, obliged us to set them on shore somewhere or other
for their deliverance. So I consented that we would carry them to
Newfoundland, if wind and weather would permit: and if not, I would
carry them to Martinico, in the West Indies.
The wind continued fresh easterly, but the weather pretty good; and as
the winds had continued in the points between NE. and SE. a long time,
we missed several opportunities of sending them to France; for we met
several ships bound to Europe, whereof two were French, from St.
Christopher's, but they had been so long beating up against the wind
that they durst take in no passengers, for fear of wanting provisions
for the voyage, as well for themselves as for those they should take
in; so we were obliged to go on. It was about a week after this that
we made the banks of Newfoundland; where, to shorten my story, we put
all our French people on board a bark, which they hired at sea there,
to put them on shore, and afterwards to carry them to France, if they
could get provisions to victual themselves with. When I say all the
French went on shore, I should remember that the young priest I spoke
of, hearing we were bound to the East Indies, desired to go the voyage
with us, and to be set on shore on the coast of Coromandel; which I
readily agreed to, for I wonderfully liked the man, and had very good
reason, as will appear afterwards; also four of the seamen entered
themselves on our ship, and proved very useful fellows.
From hence we directed our course for the West Indies, steering away
S. and S. by E. for about twenty days together, sometimes little or no
wind at all; when we met with another subject for our humanity to work
upon, almost as deplorable as that before.