Fiction

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

Laurence Sterne

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Chapter 3.I.

If it had not been for those two mettlesome tits, and that madcap of a
postillion who drove them from Stilton to Stamford, the thought had never
entered my head.  He flew like lightning--there was a slope of three miles
and a half--we scarce touched the ground--the motion was most rapid--most
impetuous--'twas communicated to my brain--my heart partook of it--'By the
great God of day,' said I, looking towards the sun, and thrusting my arm
out of the fore-window of the chaise, as I made my vow, 'I will lock up my
study-door the moment I get home, and throw the key of it ninety feet below
the surface of the earth, into the draw-well at the back of my house.'

The London waggon confirmed me in my resolution; it hung tottering upon the
hill, scarce progressive, drag'd--drag'd up by eight heavy beasts--'by main
strength!--quoth I, nodding--but your betters draw the same way--and
something of every body's!--O rare!'

Tell me, ye learned, shall we for ever be adding so much to the bulk--so
little to the stock?

Shall we for ever make new books, as apothecaries make new mixtures, by
pouring only out of one vessel into another?

Are we for ever to be twisting, and untwisting the same rope? for ever in
the same track--for ever at the same pace?

Shall we be destined to the days of eternity, on holy-days, as well as
working-days, to be shewing the relicks of learning, as monks do the
relicks of their saints--without working one--one single miracle with them?

Who made Man, with powers which dart him from earth to heaven in a moment--
that great, that most excellent, and most noble creature of the world--the
miracle of nature, as Zoroaster in his book (Greek) called him--the
Shekinah of the divine presence, as Chrysostom--the image of God, as Moses-
-the ray of divinity, as Plato--the marvel of marvels, as Aristotle--to go
sneaking on at this pitiful--pimping--pettifogging rate?

I scorn to be as abusive as Horace upon the occasion--but if there is no
catachresis in the wish, and no sin in it, I wish from my soul, that every
imitator in Great Britain, France, and Ireland, had the farcy for his
pains; and that there was a good farcical house, large enough to hold--aye-
-and sublimate them, shag rag and bob-tail, male and female, all together:
and this leads me to the affair of Whiskers--but, by what chain of ideas--I
leave as a legacy in mort-main to Prudes and Tartufs, to enjoy and make the
most of.



Upon Whiskers.

I'm sorry I made it--'twas as inconsiderate a promise as ever entered a
man's head--A chapter upon whiskers! alas! the world will not bear it--'tis
a delicate world--but I knew not of what mettle it was made--nor had I ever
seen the under-written fragment; otherwise, as surely as noses are noses,
and whiskers are whiskers still (let the world say what it will to the
contrary); so surely would I have steered clear of this dangerous chapter.



The Fragment.

. . .--You are half asleep, my good lady, said the old gentleman, taking
hold of the old lady's hand, and giving it a gentle squeeze, as he
pronounced the word Whiskers--shall we change the subject?  By no means,
replied the old lady--I like your account of those matters; so throwing a
thin gauze handkerchief over her head, and leaning it back upon the chair
with her face turned towards him, and advancing her two feet as she
reclined herself--I desire, continued she, you will go on.

The old gentleman went on as follows:--Whiskers! cried the queen of
Navarre, dropping her knotting ball, as La Fosseuse uttered the word--
Whiskers, madam, said La Fosseuse, pinning the ball to the queen's apron,
and making a courtesy as she repeated it.

La Fosseuse's voice was naturally soft and low, yet 'twas an articulate
voice:  and every letter of the word Whiskers fell distinctly upon the
queen of Navarre's ear--Whiskers! cried the queen, laying a greater stress
upon the word, and as if she had still distrusted her ears--Whiskers!
replied La Fosseuse, repeating the word a third time--There is not a
cavalier, madam, of his age in Navarre, continued the maid of honour,
pressing the page's interest upon the queen, that has so gallant a pair--Of
what? cried Margaret, smiling--Of whiskers, said La Fosseuse, with infinite
modesty.

The word Whiskers still stood its ground, and continued to be made use of
in most of the best companies throughout the little kingdom of Navarre,
notwithstanding the indiscreet use which La Fosseuse had made of it:  the
truth was, La Fosseuse had pronounced the word, not only before the queen,
but upon sundry other occasions at court, with an accent which always
implied something of a mystery--And as the court of Margaret, as all the
world knows, was at that time a mixture of gallantry and devotion--and
whiskers being as applicable to the one, as the other, the word naturally
stood its ground--it gained full as much as it lost; that is, the clergy
were for it--the laity were against it--and for the women,--they were
divided.

The excellency of the figure and mien of the young Sieur De Croix, was at
that time beginning to draw the attention of the maids of honour towards
the terrace before the palace gate, where the guard was mounted.  The lady
De Baussiere fell deeply in love with him,--La Battarelle did the same--it
was the finest weather for it, that ever was remembered in Navarre--La
Guyol, La Maronette, La Sabatiere, fell in love with the Sieur De Croix
also--La Rebours and La Fosseuse knew better--De Croix had failed in an
attempt to recommend himself to La Rebours; and La Rebours and La Fosseuse
were inseparable.

The queen of Navarre was sitting with her ladies in the painted bow-window,
facing the gate of the second court, as De Croix passed through it--He is
handsome, said the Lady Baussiere--He has a good mien, said La Battarelle--
He is finely shaped, said La Guyol--I never saw an officer of the horse-
guards in my life, said La Maronette, with two such legs--Or who stood so
well upon them, said La Sabatiere--But he has no whiskers, cried La
Fosseuse--Not a pile, said La Rebours.

The queen went directly to her oratory, musing all the way, as she walked
through the gallery, upon the subject; turning it this way and that way in
her fancy--Ave Maria!--what can La-Fosseuse mean? said she, kneeling down
upon the cushion.

La Guyol, La Battarelle, La Maronette, La Sabatiere, retired instantly to
their chambers--Whiskers! said all four of them to themselves, as they
bolted their doors on the inside.

The Lady Carnavallette was counting her beads with both hands, unsuspected,
under her farthingal--from St. Antony down to St. Ursula inclusive, not a
saint passed through her fingers without whiskers; St. Francis, St.
Dominick, St. Bennet, St. Basil, St. Bridget, had all whiskers.

The Lady Baussiere had got into a wilderness of conceits, with moralizing
too intricately upon La Fosseuse's text--She mounted her palfrey, her page
followed her--the host passed by--the Lady Baussiere rode on.

One denier, cried the order of mercy--one single denier, in behalf of a
thousand patient captives, whose eyes look towards heaven and you for their
redemption.

--The Lady Baussiere rode on.

Pity the unhappy, said a devout, venerable, hoary-headed man, meekly
holding up a box, begirt with iron, in his withered hands--I beg for the
unfortunate--good my Lady, 'tis for a prison--for an hospital--'tis for an
old man--a poor man undone by shipwreck, by suretyship, by fire--I call God
and all his angels to witness--'tis to clothe the naked--to feed the
hungry--'tis to comfort the sick and the broken-hearted.

The Lady Baussiere rode on.

A decayed kinsman bowed himself to the ground.

--The Lady Baussiere rode on.

He ran begging bare-headed on one side of her palfrey, conjuring her by the
former bonds of friendship, alliance, consanguinity, &c.--Cousin, aunt,
sister, mother,--for virtue's sake, for your own, for mine, for Christ's
sake, remember me--pity me.

--The Lady Baussiere rode on.

Take hold of my whiskers, said the Lady Baussiere--The page took hold of
her palfrey.  She dismounted at the end of the terrace.

There are some trains of certain ideas which leave prints of themselves
about our eyes and eye-brows; and there is a consciousness of it, somewhere
about the heart, which serves but to make these etchings the stronger--we
see, spell, and put them together without a dictionary.

Ha, ha! he, hee! cried La Guyol and La Sabatiere, looking close at each
other's prints--Ho, ho! cried La Battarelle and Maronette, doing the same:-
-Whist! cried one--ft, ft,--said a second--hush, quoth a third--poo, poo,
replied a fourth--gramercy! cried the Lady Carnavallette;--'twas she who
bewhisker'd St. Bridget.

La Fosseuse drew her bodkin from the knot of her hair, and having traced
the outline of a small whisker, with the blunt end of it, upon one side of
her upper lip, put in into La Rebours' hand--La Rebours shook her head.

The Lady Baussiere coughed thrice into the inside of her muff--La Guyol
smiled--Fy, said the Lady Baussiere.  The queen of Navarre touched her eye
with the tip of her fore-finger--as much as to say, I understand you all.

'Twas plain to the whole court the word was ruined:  La Fosseuse had given
it a wound, and it was not the better for passing through all these
defiles--It made a faint stand, however, for a few months, by the
expiration of which, the Sieur De Croix, finding it high time to leave
Navarre for want of whiskers--the word in course became indecent, and
(after a few efforts) absolutely unfit for use.

The best word, in the best language of the best world, must have suffered
under such combinations.--The curate of d'Estella wrote a book against
them, setting forth the dangers of accessory ideas, and warning the
Navarois against them.

Does not all the world know, said the curate d'Estella at the conclusion of
his work, that Noses ran the same fate some centuries ago in most parts of
Europe, which Whiskers have now done in the kingdom of Navarre?--The evil
indeed spread no farther then--but have not beds and bolsters, and night-
caps and chamber-pots stood upon the brink of destruction ever since?  Are
not trouse, and placket-holes, and pump-handles--and spigots and faucets,
in danger still from the same association?--Chastity, by nature, the
gentlest of all affections--give it but its head--'tis like a ramping and a
roaring lion.

The drift of the curate d'Estella's argument was not understood.--They ran
the scent the wrong way.--The world bridled his ass at the tail.--And when
the extremes of Delicacy, and the beginnings of Concupiscence, hold their
next provincial chapter together, they may decree that bawdy also.



Chapter 3.II.

When my father received the letter which brought him the melancholy account
of my brother Bobby's death, he was busy calculating the expence of his
riding post from Calais to Paris, and so on to Lyons.

'Twas a most inauspicious journey; my father having had every foot of it to
travel over again, and his calculation to begin afresh, when he had almost
got to the end of it, by Obadiah's opening the door to acquaint him the
family was out of yeast--and to ask whether he might not take the great
coach-horse early in the morning and ride in search of some.--With all my
heart, Obadiah, said my father (pursuing his journey)--take the coach-
horse, and welcome.--But he wants a shoe, poor creature! said Obadiah.--
Poor creature! said my uncle Toby, vibrating the note back again, like a
string in unison.  Then ride the Scotch horse, quoth my father hastily.--He
cannot bear a saddle upon his back, quoth Obadiah, for the whole world.--
The devil's in that horse; then take Patriot, cried my father, and shut the
door.--Patriot is sold, said Obadiah.  Here's for you! cried my father,
making a pause, and looking in my uncle Toby's face, as if the thing had
not been a matter of fact.--Your worship ordered me to sell him last April,
said Obadiah.--Then go on foot for your pains, cried my father--I had much
rather walk than ride, said Obadiah, shutting the door.

What plagues, cried my father, going on with his calculation.--But the
waters are out, said Obadiah,--opening the door again.

Till that moment, my father, who had a map of Sanson's, and a book of the
post-roads before him, had kept his hand upon the head of his compasses,
with one foot of them fixed upon Nevers, the last stage he had paid for--
purposing to go on from that point with his journey and calculation, as
soon as Obadiah quitted the room:  but this second attack of Obadiah's, in
opening the door and laying the whole country under water, was too much.--
He let go his compasses--or rather with a mixed motion between accident and
anger, he threw them upon the table; and then there was nothing for him to
do, but to return back to Calais (like many others) as wise as he had set
out.

When the letter was brought into the parlour, which contained the news of
my brother's death, my father had got forwards again upon his journey to
within a stride of the compasses of the very same stage of Nevers.--By your
leave, Mons. Sanson, cried my father, striking the point of his compasses
through Nevers into the table--and nodding to my uncle Toby to see what was
in the letter--twice of one night, is too much for an English gentleman and
his son, Mons. Sanson, to be turned back from so lousy a town as Nevers--
What think'st thou, Toby? added my father in a sprightly tone.--Unless it
be a garrison town, said my uncle Toby--for then--I shall be a fool, said
my father, smiling to himself, as long as I live.--So giving a second nod--
and keeping his compasses still upon Nevers with one hand, and holding his
book of the post-roads in the other--half calculating and half listening,
he leaned forwards upon the table with both elbows, as my uncle Toby hummed
over the letter.

. . .he's gone! said my uncle Toby--Where--Who? cried my father.--My
nephew, said my uncle Toby.--What--without leave--without money--without
governor? cried my father in amazement.  No:--he is dead, my dear brother,
quoth my uncle Toby.--Without being ill? cried my father again.--I dare say
not, said my uncle Toby, in a low voice, and fetching a deep sigh from the
bottom of his heart, he has been ill enough, poor lad!  I'll answer for
him--for he is dead.

When Agrippina was told of her son's death, Tacitus informs us, that, not
being able to moderate the violence of her passions, she abruptly broke off
her work--My father stuck his compasses into Nevers, but so much the
faster.--What contrarieties! his, indeed, was matter of calculation!--
Agrippina's must have been quite a different affair; who else could pretend
to reason from history?

How my father went on, in my opinion, deserves a chapter to itself.--



Chapter 3.III.

. . .--And a chapter it shall have, and a devil of a one too--so look to
yourselves.

'Tis either Plato, or Plutarch, or Seneca, or Xenophon, or Epictetus, or
Theophrastus, or Lucian--or some one perhaps of later date--either Cardan,
or Budaeus, or Petrarch, or Stella--or possibly it may be some divine or
father of the church, St. Austin, or St. Cyprian, or Barnard, who affirms
that it is an irresistible and natural passion to weep for the loss of our
friends or children--and Seneca (I'm positive) tells us somewhere, that
such griefs evacuate themselves best by that particular channel--And
accordingly we find, that David wept for his son Absalom--Adrian for his
Antinous--Niobe for her children, and that Apollodorus and Crito both shed
tears for Socrates before his death.

My father managed his affliction otherwise; and indeed differently from
most men either ancient or modern; for he neither wept it away, as the
Hebrews and the Romans--or slept it off, as the Laplanders--or hanged it,
as the English, or drowned it, as the Germans,--nor did he curse it, or
damn it, or excommunicate it, or rhyme it, or lillabullero it.--

--He got rid of it, however.

Will your worships give me leave to squeeze in a story between these two
pages?

When Tully was bereft of his dear daughter Tullia, at first he laid it to
his heart,--he listened to the voice of nature, and modulated his own unto
it.--O my Tullia! my daughter! my child!--still, still, still,--'twas O my
Tullia!--my Tullia!  Methinks I see my Tullia, I hear my Tullia, I talk
with my Tullia.--But as soon as he began to look into the stores of
philosophy, and consider how many excellent things might be said upon the
occasion--no body upon earth can conceive, says the great orator, how
happy, how joyful it made me.

My father was as proud of his eloquence as Marcus Tullius Cicero could be
for his life, and, for aught I am convinced of to the contrary at present,
with as much reason:  it was indeed his strength--and his weakness too.--
His strength--for he was by nature eloquent; and his weakness--for he was
hourly a dupe to it; and, provided an occasion in life would but permit him
to shew his talents, or say either a wise thing, a witty, or a shrewd one--
(bating the case of a systematic misfortune)--he had all he wanted.--A
blessing which tied up my father's tongue, and a misfortune which let it
loose with a good grace, were pretty equal:  sometimes, indeed, the
misfortune was the better of the two; for instance, where the pleasure of
the harangue was as ten, and the pain of the misfortune but as five--my
father gained half in half, and consequently was as well again off, as if
it had never befallen him.

This clue will unravel what otherwise would seem very inconsistent in my
father's domestic character; and it is this, that, in the provocations
arising from the neglects and blunders of servants, or other mishaps
unavoidable in a family, his anger, or rather the duration of it, eternally
ran counter to all conjecture.

My father had a favourite little mare, which he had consigned over to a
most beautiful Arabian horse, in order to have a pad out of her for his own
riding:  he was sanguine in all his projects; so talked about his pad every
day with as absolute a security, as if it had been reared, broke,--and
bridled and saddled at his door ready for mounting.  By some neglect or
other in Obadiah, it so fell out, that my father's expectations were
answered with nothing better than a mule, and as ugly a beast of the kind
as ever was produced.

My mother and my uncle Toby expected my father would be the death of
Obadiah--and that there never would be an end of the disaster--See here!
you rascal, cried my father, pointing to the mule, what you have done!--It
was not me, said Obadiah.--How do I know that? replied my father.

Triumph swam in my father's eyes, at the repartee--the Attic salt brought
water into them--and so Obadiah heard no more about it.

Now let us go back to my brother's death.

Philosophy has a fine saying for every thing.--For Death it has an entire
set; the misery was, they all at once rushed into my father's head, that
'twas difficult to string them together, so as to make any thing of a
consistent show out of them.--He took them as they came.

''Tis an inevitable chance--the first statute in Magna Charta--it is an
everlasting act of parliament, my dear brother,--All must die.

'If my son could not have died, it had been matter of wonder,--not that he
is dead.

'Monarchs and princes dance in the same ring with us.

'--To die, is the great debt and tribute due unto nature:  tombs and
monuments, which should perpetuate our memories, pay it themselves; and the
proudest pyramid of them all, which wealth and science have erected, has
lost its apex, and stands obtruncated in the traveller's horizon.'  (My
father found he got great ease, and went on)--'Kingdoms and provinces, and
towns and cities, have they not their periods? and when those principles
and powers, which at first cemented and put them together, have performed
their several evolutions, they fall back.'--Brother Shandy, said my uncle
Toby, laying down his pipe at the word evolutions--Revolutions, I meant,
quoth my father,--by heaven! I meant revolutions, brother Toby--evolutions
is nonsense.--'Tis not nonsense--said my uncle Toby.--But is it not
nonsense to break the thread of such a discourse upon such an occasion?
cried my father--do not--dear Toby, continued he, taking him by the hand,
do not--do not, I beseech thee, interrupt me at this crisis.--My uncle Toby
put his pipe into his mouth.

'Where is Troy and Mycenae, and Thebes and Delos, and Persepolis and
Agrigentum?'--continued my father, taking up his book of post-roads, which
he had laid down.--'What is become, brother Toby, of Nineveh and Babylon,
of Cizicum and Mitylenae?  The fairest towns that ever the sun rose upon,
are now no more; the names only are left, and those (for many of them are
wrong spelt) are falling themselves by piece-meals to decay, and in length
of time will be forgotten, and involved with every thing in a perpetual
night:  the world itself, brother Toby, must--must come to an end.

'Returning out of Asia, when I sailed from Aegina towards Megara,' (when
can this have been? thought my uncle Toby,) ' I began to view the country
round about.  Aegina was behind me, Megara was before, Pyraeus on the right
hand, Corinth on the left.--What flourishing towns now prostrate upon the
earth!  Alas! alas! said I to myself, that man should disturb his soul for
the loss of a child, when so much as this lies awfully buried in his
presence--Remember, said I to myself again--remember thou art a man.'--

Now my uncle Toby knew not that this last paragraph was an extract of
Servius Sulpicius's consolatory letter to Tully.--He had as little skill,
honest man, in the fragments, as he had in the whole pieces of antiquity.--
And as my father, whilst he was concerned in the Turkey trade, had been
three or four different times in the Levant, in one of which he had stayed
a whole year and an half at Zant, my uncle Toby naturally concluded, that,
in some one of these periods, he had taken a trip across the Archipelago
into Asia; and that all this sailing affair with Aegina behind, and Megara
before, and Pyraeus on the right hand, &c. &c. was nothing more than the
true course of my father's voyage and reflections.--'Twas certainly in his
manner, and many an undertaking critic would have built two stories higher
upon worse foundations.--And pray, brother, quoth my uncle Toby, laying the
end of his pipe upon my father's hand in a kindly way of interruption--but
waiting till he finished the account--what year of our Lord was this?--
'Twas no year of our Lord, replied my father.--That's impossible, cried my
uncle Toby.--Simpleton! said my father,--'twas forty years before Christ
was born.

My uncle Toby had but two things for it; either to suppose his brother to
be the wandering Jew, or that his misfortunes had disordered his brain.--
'May the Lord God of heaven and earth protect him and restore him!' said my
uncle Toby, praying silently for my father, and with tears in his eyes.

--My father placed the tears to a proper account, and went on with his
harangue with great spirit.

'There is not such great odds, brother Toby, betwixt good and evil, as the
world imagines'--(this way of setting off, by the bye, was not likely to
cure my uncle Toby's suspicions).--'Labour, sorrow, grief, sickness, want,
and woe, are the sauces of life.'--Much good may do them--said my uncle
Toby to himself.--

'My son is dead!--so much the better;--'tis a shame in such a tempest to
have but one anchor.

'But he is gone for ever from us!--be it so.  He is got from under the
hands of his barber before he was bald--he is but risen from a feast before
he was surfeited--from a banquet before he had got drunken.

'The Thracians wept when a child was born,'--(and we were very near it,
quoth my uncle Toby,)--'and feasted and made merry when a man went out of
the world; and with reason.--Death opens the gate of fame, and shuts the
gate of envy after it,--it unlooses the chain of the captive, and puts the
bondsman's task into another man's hands.

'Shew me the man, who knows what life is, who dreads it, and I'll shew thee
a prisoner who dreads his liberty.'

Is it not better, my dear brother Toby, (for mark--our appetites are but
diseases,)--is it not better not to hunger at all, than to eat?--not to
thirst, than to take physic to cure it?

Is it not better to be freed from cares and agues, from love and
melancholy, and the other hot and cold fits of life, than, like a galled
traveller, who comes weary to his inn, to be bound to begin his journey
afresh?

There is no terrour, brother Toby, in its looks, but what it borrows from
groans and convulsions--and the blowing of noses and the wiping away of
tears with the bottoms of curtains, in a dying man's room.--Strip it of
these, what is it?--'Tis better in battle than in bed, said my uncle Toby.-
-Take away its hearses, its mutes, and its mourning,--its plumes,
scutcheons, and other mechanic aids--What is it?--Better in battle!
continued my father, smiling, for he had absolutely forgot my brother
Bobby--'tis terrible no way--for consider, brother Toby,--when we are--
death is not;--and when death is--we are not.  My uncle Toby laid down his
pipe to consider the proposition; my father's eloquence was too rapid to
stay for any man--away it went,--and hurried my uncle Toby's ideas along
with it.--

For this reason, continued my father, 'tis worthy to recollect, how little
alteration, in great men, the approaches of death have made.--Vespasian
died in a jest upon his close-stool--Galba with a sentence--Septimus
Severus in a dispatch--Tiberius in dissimulation, and Caesar Augustus in a
compliment.--I hope 'twas a sincere one--quoth my uncle Toby.

--'Twas to his wife,--said my father.
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